Desalination Wiki – State of development

  Description: Pervaporation (PV) processes separate mixtures in contact with a membrane via preferential removal of one component from the mixture due to its higher affinity with, and/or faster diffusion through the membrane. The driving force in PV for the mass transfer of permeate is the chemical potential gradient between ...

  Description: Bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) is a technique based on the use of these membranes, capable of generating protons (H+) and hydroxyl ions (OH–) from electric current. Concentrated acids and bases can be obtained from salt solutions with a lower energy input than that required in other techniques. This ...

  Description: Electrodialysis Metathesis (EDM) is a variation of reversal electrodialysis in which a metathesis reaction occurs. A conventional electrodialysis (ED) system is composed of repeating cells of two alternating cation- and anion-exchange membranes. Every cell contains two compartments, one containing the feed solution and the other containing the concentrate ...

  Description: Shock electrodialysis (Shock ED) is an emerging electrokinetic process for water treatment, leveraging the formation of ion concentration polarization (ICP) zones and deionization shock waves in macroporous material near to an ion selective element (ion exchange membranes or electrodes) Recent generations of this system shown in Fig. 1 ...

Description: Adsorption desalination (AD) is a phase transfer process that occurs at the interface between a solid and an aqueous phase where salt ions (the adsorbate) adsorb on the surface of porous solids (the adsorbent) via physical interactions (such as van der Waals interaction and hydrogen bonding) and/or chemical bonding. ...

  Description: Microbial fuel cells typically consist of two chambers, an anode chamber and a cathode chamber. Unlike the two-chambered MFCs, a typical MDC has a third chamber called the desalination chamber which is created between the anode and cathode chambers with anion and cation exchange membranes positioned at specified ...

  Description: The principle of the capacitive deionization (CDI) process relies on the electrical potential difference over a pair of electrodes remove charged species from the water. The removal mechanism of CDI can be represented by electrical double layer models in which ions are removed via electrosorption on the electrodes ...

Forward osmosis (FO) is a water separation process in which a semipermeable membrane is used to separate water from dissolved solutes. FO uses natural energy in the form of osmotic pressure to transport water through the membrane while retaining the dissolved solutes on the other side. Description: Forward osmosis (FO) ...

  Description: Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermally driven, membrane-based process that combines membrane technology and evaporation processing in one unit. It involves the transport of water vapor through the pores of hydrophobic membranes via the temperature difference across the membrane. This difference results in a vapor pressure differential, leading ...

  Description: Microbial fuel cells typically consist of two chambers, an anode chamber and a cathode chamber. Unlike the two-chambered MFCs, a typical MDC has a third chamber called the desalination chamber which is created between the anode and cathode chambers with anion and cation exchange membranes positioned at specified ...

  Description: The principle of the capacitive deionization (CDI) process relies on the electrical potential difference over a pair of electrodes remove charged species from the water. The removal mechanism of CDI can be represented by electrical double layer models in which ions are removed via electrosorption on the electrodes ...